Country explorer: Mozambique

Mozambique has witnessed a tangible progression in its economy, characterized by consistent growth in GDP per capita, a gradual reduction in poverty across various thresholds, a managed unemployment rate, and fluctuating but generally controlled inflation, positioning it as a nation taking strides towards economic stabilization and improvement amidst the challenges facing low-income countries.

Mozambique has demonstrated significant demographic resilience and growth, marked by a steadily increasing population nearing doubling from 2000 to 2022, a challenging yet improving net migration scenario, a gradual decline in fertility rates aligning with broader regional trends, and a commendable rise in life expectancy reflective of enhanced healthcare and living conditions, mirroring patterns observed across low-income countries.

Mozambique has experienced modest increases in the access to clean fuels for cooking and electricity, reflecting gradual progress in addressing basic needs but still lagging behind regional peers, underscoring persistent challenges in infrastructure and energy access.

Mozambique has exhibited notable progress in human development, marked by steady improvements in the Human Development Index, significant reductions in child mortality rates, gradually increasing literacy rates, and a modest rise in average learning-adjusted years of schooling, aligning its developmental trajectory with those of other low-income countries, albeit at varying rates of advancement.

Mozambique has experienced a notable reduction in per capita carbon emissions and freshwater resources, a diversification towards greener energy production with an emphasis on hydroelectric power, amidst a gradual but consistent decline in forest area, mirroring challenges faced by many low-income countries in balancing resource management with socio-economic development.

Mozambique has experienced significant growth in internet usage and mobile phone subscriptions, reflecting broader access to information and communication technologies, although its R&D spending and scientific publications per capita indicate ongoing challenges in bolstering its innovation capacity, a trajectory common among low-income countries.

Mozambique has experienced a notable reduction in its age dependency ratio and a decrease in gender inequality, alongside modest growth in immigrant population and gradual improvement in self-reported life satisfaction, reflecting a broad trend of societal progress that aligns with patterns seen in many low-income countries.

Mozambique has experienced modest improvements in governance indicators such as rule of law and political civil liberties, but challenges remain in corruption perceptions and press freedoms, reflecting a mixed trajectory of governance reform that aligns with patterns observed in other low-income countries.