Country explorer: Georgia
EXPERIMENTAL
2024
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Overview
Georgia is a mountainous, upper-middle-income country in South Asia with a small population. Its economy has grown very rapidly in recent decades, and is based on agriculture, tourism, mining and manufacturing.
Georgia produces some of the world's finest wines, with over 500 indigenous grape varieties.
Economy
Georgia has experienced a significant transformation in its economy, evidenced by a steady growth in GDP per capita outperforming regional peers Armenia and Moldova, a challenging battle against high unemployment rates, and efforts to manage inflation fluctuations, all reflecting its persistent strides toward economic stability and growth amidst regional economic dynamics.
Demographics
Georgia has experienced a significant population decline accompanied by a drastic reduction in net migration losses, a gradual increase in the fertility rate, and an improvement in life expectancy, reflecting broader trends of demographic stabilization and health advancements akin to those observed in several post-Soviet states.
Basic needs
Georgia has witnessed substantial enhancement in access to electrical power and safe drinking water, signifying broader improvements in infrastructure and quality of life, while the marked decline in access to safely managed sanitation facilities highlights ongoing challenges unique among its upper-middle-income peers.
Human development
Georgia has demonstrated significant improvements in human development, marked by consistent growth in its Human Development Index, considerable reductions in child mortality rates, high literacy rates comparable to upper-middle-income countries, and advancements in average learning-adjusted years of schooling, reflecting substantial societal progress and investments in health and education.
Environment & energy
Georgia has experienced a significant increase in renewable energy sources, particularly in hydro, solar, and wind power, while maintaining a stable per capita CO₂ emissions rate and sustaining its considerable forest area, illustrating a robust commitment to environmental preservation and clean energy diversification compared to its regional peers.
Technology & innovation
Georgia has shown significant progress in internet usage and mobile phone subscriptions, moderate engagement in research and development, and a robust increase in scientific publications, indicating a gradual but promising enhancement in technology and innovation, akin to its regional peers yet notable for its rapid adoption of mobile connectivity and increasing research output.
Culture & society
Georgia has experienced noteworthy societal transformations, indicated by a slightly increasing share of the population born in another country, steady improvements in self-reported life satisfaction and gender equality, alongside a growing age dependency ratio, underscoring a shared global trend towards demographic ageing yet highlighting strides in societal well-being and inclusivity.
Governance
Georgia has exhibited notable progress in governance, particularly in the rule of law, corruption perception, political civil liberties, and press freedom, positioning it as a distinctive leader in reforms and democratic values compared to its regional peers and aligning more closely with upper-middle-income countries' standards.