Country explorer: Bosnia and Herzegovina
EXPERIMENTAL
2024
Loading...
Overview
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a mountainous, upper-middle-income country in Europe with a small population. Its economy has grown rapidly in recent decades, and is based on agriculture, manufacturing and tourism.
Bosnia and Herzegovina boasts a diverse cultural heritage.
Economy
Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced gradual economic growth, reflected by a consistent increase in GDP per capita, alongside ongoing challenges with high unemployment rates and varied inflation rates, characteristics similar to its Balkan peers, yet distinct in its post-conflict economic transformation journey.
Demographics
Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced a declining population marked by emigration, a low fertility rate similar to its Balkan neighbors, and increasing life expectancy, illustrating challenges of demographic aging and diaspora similar to other post-conflict societies.
Basic needs
Bosnia and Herzegovina has shown progress in increasing access to electricity and safely managed drinking water, maintaining high levels similar to its neighbors, but faces challenges in improving access to clean cooking fuels and safely managed sanitation, indicating a mixed but gradually improving trend in basic needs provision.
Human development
Bosnia and Herzegovina has demonstrated steady progress in human development indicated by improvements in the Human Development Index, reduction in child mortality rate, and high literacy rates, aligning it closely with regional trends seen in neighboring countries and upper-middle-income countries.
Environment & energy
Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced a steady increase in CO₂ emissions per capita and a notable expansion in renewable energy production, particularly in solar and wind, amidst moderate growth in forest area, indicating a complex transition towards sustainable practices while grappling with environmental challenges.
Technology & innovation
Bosnia and Herzegovina has exhibited a progressive increase in internet usage, mobile phone subscriptions, and scientific output, reflecting a gradual digital transformation and growing emphasis on research and development that mirrors trends in upper-middle-income countries, albeit at a pace that hints at both challenges and potential in its technological and innovative capacity.
Culture & society
Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced significant shifts towards lower gender inequality and slightly increased life satisfaction, amid a consistently low percentage of foreign-born population and a rising age dependency ratio, highlighting a gradual societal transformation towards greater equality and changing demographic pressures.
Governance
Bosnia and Herzegovina has shown moderate improvements and fluctuations in governance indicators such as the rule of law, corruption perception, political civil liberties, and press freedom, reflecting its ongoing effort to align with its Balkan peers and upper-middle-income countries amid challenges of systemic corruption and political reforms.